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ebook1
2010 Feedback and Control for Everyone:
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-03446-6
Control and Feedback are everywhere.
Feedback is information obtained from a system used to change its behavior.
A system is causal (符合因果關係) when for any signal in the behavior the future cannot influence the past of the signal. Because in our discussions signals are functions of time, causality (因果關係) is an all too natural a property. It is indeed not conceivable that the presently experienced shower temperature could possibly depend on future positions of the water taps. Indeed, our shower is a causal system (因果系統).
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